Thursday, February 13, 2025

Blog #175: EPILEPSY DID NOT STOP HIM FROM SUMMITTING MT. EVEREST



            We all should understand that an epilepsy diagnosis need not lead our patients to give up hope for a successful life. This patient’s experience confirms that. Half of all the three million Americans with epilepsy exhibit complete or nearly complete control of their seizures. An epilepsy diagnosis does not necessarily restrict your life. Afterall, Chief Justice John Roberts of the United States Supreme Court has epilepsy.

My novel, DINGS, includes reassurance of this by the fictitious neurologist in my book to the mother of her newly diagnosed third grader who was failing school due to unrecognized non-convulsive epileptic blank-out seizures.

In the October/November 2024 issue of Brain&Life, Mary Bolster wrote of a courageous man (page 38). Tyler Rogers climbed the tallest mountain in the world, the 29,029 feet tall Mount Everest, despite his history of epilepsy. He graduated from high school in 2013. As a team wrestler he had experienced a severe concussion. Two weeks later he had his first grand mal seizure. Realization ensued that he had been experiencing auras and sporadic numbness and other symptoms without loss of consciousness. He had never complained of these phenomena until his convulsion. His antiseizure medications (ASMs) did not prevent repeat convulsions and their side effects were unpleasant.

On a subsequent airplane flight, he had a 9-minute generalized seizure. Monitoring with brain-implanted-electrodes then revealed that he had a lesion in his right temporal lobe. A laser ablation was utilized to remove the lesion. He had no seizures for the next 18 months until breakthrough seizures occurred. Another laser ablation was then performed.

Laser ablation is a surgical procedure but a less invasive surgery. It uses targeted laser technology to deliver heat to ablate, or destroy, cells responsible for causing seizures. It is generally considered as another treatment when anti-seizure medications have been ineffective in controlling a patient’s seizure frequency. This was the situation in Tyler’s case. Laser ablation can be particularly promising when lesions believed to be causing seizures are located deep in the brain, where a more invasive surgical approach would be too high-risk.

Tyler reported that he noticed an immediate improvement in his word recall and cognition. Seizure-free for the subsequent 18 months until seizures reappeared. He had another laser ablation.

A friend who had summitted Everest counseled Tyler that he could do it, too. Months of intensive training for his climb ensued. He advised his sherpa guides on the climb and his climbing teammates what to do if he had a convulsion. He didn’t. In March, 2023, he successfully reached the summit of Everest. Months later focal simple seizure recurred with no loss of consciousness. He’s had no more seizures with close neurological follow-up.

 




Lance Fogan, M.D., is Clinical Professor of Neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. His hard-hitting emotional family medical drama, “DINGS, is told from a mother’s point of view. “DINGS” is his first novel. Aside from acclamation on internet bookstore sites, U.S. Report of Books, and the Hollywood Book Review, DINGS has been advertised in recent New York Times Book Reviews, the Los Angeles Times Calendar section and Publishers Weekly. DINGS teaches epilepsy and is now available in eBook, audiobook, soft and hard cover editions.

 

 

 

Friday, January 24, 2025

Blog # 174: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy




 

Susan Fitzgerald summarized this study in the January 2, 2025, issue of Neurology Today. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neurotherapeutic procedure using magnetic fields from coils placed over the head to stimulate specific areas of the brain. Safe and painless, it has been used for chronic pain, migraine and various mental health conditions as depression, obsessive=compulsive disorder, etc. TMS is being investigated for other conditions including movement disorders, neuropathic pain and stroke.

 

A Chinese study of patients aged 18-65 diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) found that sessions of continuous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting the cerebellum (in the back of the brain, hitherto not usually believed to play a major role in epileptic seizures but has been considered for several decades) may reduce seizure frequency in patients whose anticonvulsant medications fail to control their seizures. Thirty-eight patients were randomized to receive active stimulation followed by sham stimulation. The frequency positive responder-rate increased by 24% compared with sham stimulation. Some patients became seizure-free during the entire two months of the study. The exact mechanism how these results were achieved, and which type of epilepsy are more likely to benefit, are unknown.1

 

Of the 38 studied patients, 31 had focal epilepsy, one had generalized epilepsy and six had uncertain onset. Each patient had a total of 10 TMS sessions. The sham patients then switched to the active TMS arm of the study. Both sides of the cerebellum (the dentate nucleus) were targeted but are there other nearby structures affected? Participants studied had a 34% reduction in seizures following active treatment and 23% reduction in seizures following sham treatments. Adverse reactions included headache, tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and dizziness. All these problems resolve within days.

 

One consideration in interpretating the result is that “blinding” the study population is problematical as actual stimulation feels nothing like the sham stimulation.

 

Large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate the efficacy but if further research confirms the efficacy and safety of TMS, it’s an easy and inexpensive treatment. A new treatment option for poorly controlled epilepsy that doesn’t involve surgery or more medications should appeal to patients.

 

I describe another research to control epilepsy that can give hope to our patients that they are not alone.



1.     Wang YY, Ma L, Shi X-J, et al. Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat drug-resistant epilepsy: A randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial. Epilepsia 2024; Vol 66, Issue 1: p240-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.1816

 


Lance Fogan, M.D. is Clinical Professor of Neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. His hard-hitting emotional family medical drama, “DINGS, is told from a mother’s point of view. “DINGS” is his first novel. Aside from acclamation on internet bookstore sites, U.S. Report of Books, and the Hollywood Book Review, DINGS has been advertised in recent New York Times Book Reviews, the Los Angeles Times Calendar section and Publishers Weekly. DINGS teaches epilepsy and is now available in eBook, audiobook, soft and hard cover editions.